Apparatus and method for operating switches.



R. V. COLLINS. APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWlTCHES.

APPLICATION FILED MAYI3. l9l3. 1,266,555. Patented May 21,1918.

ISHEETS-SHEET I.

jgitngoaep J W R. V. COLLINS.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13. I9I3- Patented May 21,1918.

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a. \LCOLLINS.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES.

APPLICATION FILED- MAY I3. 1913. Patented May 21,1918.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

2' am-nail R. V. COLLINS.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES. APPLICATION FILED MAY13.19I3.

1,26,555. Patented May 21,1918.

I SHEETS-SHEET 4.

3 m $14 case 0:

R. V. COLLINS.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13. I913.

1,266,555, 1 Patented May 21,1918.

YSHEETS-SHEET 5.

R. V. COLLINS.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES:

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13. 913- 6 555, Patel?! May 21,1918.

1 $HEETSSHEET 6.

R. V. COLLINS. APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES.

Patented May 21,1918.

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I 61% at APPLICATION FILED MAY13, 191s.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SWITCHES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 13, 1913. Serial No. 767,244.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROY VINSON COLLINS, of New York, in the county of New York, and in the State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatus and Methods for Operating Switches, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof. 1

My invention relates to an apparatus and method for operating switches and has for its object to provide a switch automatically controlled by the condition of the'motor circuit of an approaching car. If the car approaches the switch with its. motor-circuit open, the switch will be set, if not already set, to send the car in onedirection, as straight ahead; if the car approaches the switch with its motor-circuit closed, the switch will be set, if not already set, to send the car in a different direction, as around a curve. Other and further objects of my invention are to provide a switch having th following characteristics:

The switch is controlled without stopping the car, but cannot be controlled by a car approaching the switch until a preceding car has passed the switch; a

The. operating mechanism may be placed above ground where it is dry and readily accessible for inspection or adjustment;

The operating mechanism is set in motion by a very light, quickly-acting part although the operating mechanism itself moves comparatively slowly;

The time of engagement between the car and the contactor device may be as short as desired, as the operation of the mechanism does not depend upon maintaining such engagement for any appreciable length of time;

The switch-operating motor (which may be of any desired type) is cut out automatically as soon as it sets the switch even though a car should stop in engagement with the contactor device; and

Both theapparatus and the method of operation are applicable to railroads of any type, although particularly advantageous for trolley railroads.

Other and further objects of my invention i will be apparent from the following description of one embodiment thereof, and from an inspection of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings of said embodiment as applied to a trolley railroad, in which Figure 1 is a view showing an apparatus embodying my invention with theoperating mechanism in normal positi0n,-that is, with the switch-operating motor at rest and the parts in position to be controlled by an approaching car;

Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. 1 showing a trolley in engagement with the first contactor and with the car motor circuit open;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 after the switch-operating motor has completed its movement;

Fig. 4 shows the parts with the trolley engaging the second contactor thereby causing the main contact bars to return to normal position ready to be controlled by the next approaching car;

Fig. 5 is a View showing a trolley engag ing the first contactor with the car motor circuit closed;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 after the switch-operating motor has completed its movement;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the first contactor; and

Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 88 of Fig. 7 looking in the direction of the arrows.

While I have illustrated my invention by the best embodiment thereof known to me, my invention is not to be restricted to such embodiment, and is to be regarded as typical only of many possible embodiments and uses.

This embodiment consists of a contactor A located on the trolley wire (or other conductor), and with which the trolley (or other collector) of the car engages. The position of the switch-point is controlled by the condition of the car motor circuit, that is, whether the car motor circuit is open or closed. The contactor is located ahead of the switch a suflicient distance to allow the mechanism time in which to throw the switch before the car reaches it, even though the car be moving at maximum speed, and

at the same time to permit the mechanism to operate slowly enough to prevent injury to the parts by a too sudden movement thereof or to cause the switch to splash water on passers-by.

A second contactor B also is located on the trolley wire between the first contactor A and the switch, and at a point in advance of the switch sufficient to allow the last wheel of the car to engage with or pass over-the switch before the trolley engages with said second contactor.

Patented May 21, 1918.

Referring to Fig. 1, reference character 1 indicates a switch-point pivoted at 2. A link 3 is pivoted at one end to the switch.- point, and at its other end is threaded through a nut 4 swiveled on an arm 5 carried by a journal 5.

Secured to said journal 5 is alever 6, the ends of which are connected by wires 7 to a chain 8, which engages or is secured to a suitable drum. These connecting parts ordinarily are underground, the wires 7 in the present embodiment being shown as passing through underground pipes. A -ny equivalent connectingmeans may be used. Also secured to said sleeve or journal 5 is an arm 10 to which is pivoted a rod 9', the other end of which extends loosely through a fixed plate 11. A compression sp'ring12' is mounted on said rod between a shoulder thereon and said plate 11, the arrangement being such that said spring" 12 tends to hold lever 6 (and consequently the switch-point) in either of its two extreme positions (Figs. 1 and 3).

The drum engaged by chain 8 is provided with a gear 13 which meshes with a pinion 14 mounted on the armature of a switchoperating' motor 14'. The drum and the parts controlling its operation preferably are mounted on a trolley or feed wire pole where they will be free'from dampness and moisture.

Contactor A consists of a frame secured to the trolley wire W and having a lever 15 pivoted thereon at 16. A section 17 of said lever 15 is insulated from the frame, and from the trolley wire at'that point. Fixed to said lever 15 is an arm 27 (Figs. 7' and 8) at the upper end of which is pivoted a movable contact 18 electrically connected with trolley wire WV in any desired manner as through its mounting and provided with a fulcrum pin 25 movably mounted in slots in arms 22 of a forked piece 21 pivoted to the frame at 23. Movable contact 18'als'o'i provid'ed with a finger 28 which projects toward a plunger 29 carried by the armature 30' of a solenoid or magnet 31 mounted on the frame. A compression spring 33 is mounted on saidplunger between a collar 32 thereon and a bracket 32 through which the plunger passes, the spring tending normally to retract the plunger from the path of said finger 28. A screw 34 limits the retra'ctile movement of the armature and is adapted to adjust the extent of such move- 11161117.

When trolley T engages lever 15, the upward pressure of said trolley lifts said lever (Fig. 2) and its arm 27', thereby raising movable contact 18 and its fulcrum pin 25 in the slots in arms 22 of forked piece 21, so that movable contact 18 may engage either with stationary contact point 19 or stationary contact point 20 depending upon whether the car motor circuit is open or closed; If the car motor circuit is open, movable contact 18 falls to the right and engages stationary contact point 19 (Fig. 2). If the car motor circuit is closed, movable contact 18 falls to the left and engages stationary contact point 20 (Fig. 5), as finger 28 on contact 18 engages plunger 29, which is protruded by the energizing of solenoid 31, which is accomplished byacircuit closed through trolley wire W, solenoid 31, insu-- lat'ed cables 92,- 93,'i n's'ulated section 17, and trolley T. This circuit is connected to trolley wire W at a point preferably removed from insulated section 17, as by cable 31', and if deemed preferable only a'portion of this circuit need pass through solenoid 31.

As soon" as trolley T passeslever 15, said lever fallsto normal position, and movable contact 18" is returned to normal position (Fig. 3-). a

Second contactor' B'cen'sists of a frame 35 secured totrolley wireW and havinga'lever 36 pivoted thereon at 37. Fixed to said lever 36 is an extension 38 to which is pivoted a movable Contact 39' connected electrically with trolley wire NV and normally maintained in inoperative position (Fig. 1)

by a shoulder 43 thereon adapted to rest on cated at 45, 4G, 47, 48, 49, and" 50. At the f right of said vertical row' are two stationary contact points 51 and 52, and at the left of said vertical row are two stationary contact points 53 and 54'. A movable contact point 55 is carried by a link 56 attached to the upper end of a lever 57 which is pivoted atits' lower end and is'provided with a weight arm 58 which tends to keep a roller 59 on an arm 60 in the path of a' cam 61 mounted on gear 13. A similar movable contact point indicated at 63' is carried by a similar link, lever, and weight arnl construction as indicated at 62, and which tends to keep the roller 64 in the path of a cam 65 also mounted on gear13; These movable contact points may be connected to a wire 62 is provided to. limit the'inward move- I,

ment of the lever construction 62. A contact bar 66, pivoted at its lower endand provided with a weight arm 67 and a similar contact bar 69, pivoted at its lower end and provided with a weight arm 70; are adapted to make proper connections between said contact points. The movement of said bars is controlled by magnets or solenoids 68 and 71 respectively, acting in opposition to the respective weight arms of said bars. A pair of stationary contact points 72 and 73, are in like manner adapted to be connected by a contact bar 74, pivoted at its lower end and provided with a weight arm 75. The movement of said bar is controlled by a magnet or solenoid 76 acting in opposition to said weight arm 75. This lastnamed contact device will be referred to hereinafter as a throw-off device.

The connecting wires will not be described in detail, as their arrangement is believed to be obvious to those skilled in the art from an inspection of their diagrammatic illustration in the drawings and from the following description of the switch operation.

In the present illustration, the apparatus is arranged to set the switch for the curve if the trolley T engages contactor A with the car motor circuit closed, and to set the switch for straight ahead if the trolley T ei'igages said contactor A with the car motor circuit open. In other words, the motorman of an approaching car controls the switch by the position of his controller handle without stopping the car. If the switch point already is in proper position, it will remain so; and if not, it will be thrown to proper position.

Assuming first in the embodiment illustrated, that a car approaches a switch set for the curve, (Fig. 1) and the motorman wishes to set the switch for the straight track. The car will proceed by its own momentum under contactor A withthe car motor circuit open and as the upward pressure of trolley T raises lever 15, movable contact 18 falls into engagement with stationary contact point 19 (Fig. 2) in the manner described above. As said movable contact 18 is connected electrically with trolley wire W, a circuit is closed through stationary contact point 19, wire 77, contact point 51, contact bar 66, contact point 52, wire 78. contact point 48, wire 79, magnet 71, wires 80, 81. and through resistance 82 to ground. This energizes magnet 71 thereby raising weight arm 70 and throwing contact bar 69 to the right and in contact with the vertical row of contact points (Fig. 2). As the closing of this circuit is brought about in the first instance by the upward pressure of trolley T on lever 15, which is very brief in point of time, contact bar 69 is maintained in this position after trolley T has passed the lever 15, by the closing of a maintaining circuit through trolley wire W, wire 83, fuse 84, wire 85, contact point 72, contact bar 74, contact point 73, wire 86, contact point 49, contact bar 69, contact point 48, wire 79, magnet 71, wires 80, 81, and through resistance 82 to ground. At the same time, motor 14 will be operated by the closing of a circuit (Fig. 2) through trolley wire W, wire 83, fuse 84, wires 85, 87, 88, movable contact point 55, contact bar 69, contact point 47, wire 89, armatures of motor 14, wire 97, contact point 45, contact bar 69, contact point 46, wire 98, field of motor 14, and through wire 90 to ground. This causes motor 14 to re volve, which disengages cam from roller 64, thereby permitting the weight on the link, lever, and weight arm construction 62 to move movable contact point 63 to the right and in line with the vertical row of contact points (Fig. 3). The continued revolution of motor 14 brings cam 61 in engagement with roller 59 on arm 60, thereby moving lever 57, link 56, and movable contact point 55 carried thereby, to the right (Fig. 3), which opens the circuit to motor 14 by the withdrawal of said movable contact point 55, from contact with contact bar 69. The parts are so timed that the motor will come to rest when the switch is in proper position, in this case, set for the car to take the straight track. The opening of said car motor circuit also prevents heating of motor 14, no matter how long the circuit remains closed through magnet 71 due to a car stopping with its trolley T in contact with contactor A. When trolley T reaches second contactor B (Fig. 4) it raises lever 36 and movable contact 39 engages stationary contact point 41. As movable contact 39 is electrically connected with trolley wire W a circuit is closed through stationary contact point 41, wire 91, magnet 76, wire 92, and through resistance 82 to ground. The energizing of magnet 76 operates the throw-01f device by raising arm 75, thereby moving contact bar 74, from engagement with contact points 12 and 73. This opens the maintaining circuit which energized magnet 71 and weighted arm 70 causes contact bar 69 to move to the left. As soon as trolley '1 leaves contactor B magnet 76 will be deenergized. Weight arm 75 thereuponfalls, moving contact bar 7 4 to the right into engagement with contact points 72 and 73. All the contact bars now are in normal position (Fig. 1) ready to be operated by the next approaching car.

Assuming next, in the embodiment illustrated, that a car approaches a switch set for the straight track, and the motorman wishes to set the switch for the curve. The car will proceed by its motive power under 0011- tactor A, with the car motor circuit closed, and as the upward pressure of trolley T raises lever 15, movable contact 18 falls into engagement with stationary contact point 20 (Fig. 5) in the manner described above.

As said movable contact18 is connected electrically with trolley wire W, a circuit is closed through stationary contact point 20, wire 94, contact point 53, contact bar 69, contact .pOint 54, wire 95, contact point 50, wire 96, magnet 68, wire 81, and through resistance 82 to ground. This energizes magnet 68 thereby raising Weight arm 67 and throwing contact bar 66 to the left and in contact with the vertical row of contact points (Fig. 5). As the closing of this circuit is brought about in the first instance by the upward pressure of trolley I on lever 15, which is very brief in point of time, contact bar 66. is maintained in this position after trolley T has passed lever 15, by the closing of a maintaining circuit through trolley wire W, Wire 83, fuse 84, wire 85,

contact point 72, contact bar 74, contact point 7 3, wire 86, contact point 49, contact bar 66, contact point 50, wire 96, magnet 68, wire 81,. and through resistance. 82 to ground. At the same time, motor 14 will be operated by the closing of a circuit (Fig. 5) through trolley wire W, wire 83, fuse 84,

wires 85, 87, movable contact point 63, contact bar 66, contact point 45, wire 97 armatures of'motor 14, wire 89, contact point 47, contact bar 66, contact oint 46, wire 98, field of motor 14, and tirough wire 90 to ground. 1 As the current passes through the armaturesin the reverse direction from that described in connection with the first operation of the device and the current passes through the motor field in the same direction as that described in connection with the first operation of the device, motor 14 will revolve in the opposite direction to that first described, which will disengage cam 61 from roller 59, thereby permitting weight arm 58 to move to the left lever 57 and its link 56, thereby carrying movable contact point 55 in line with the vertical row of contact points (Fig. 6) The continued revolution of motor 14 brings cam 65 in engagement with roller 64 of lever construction 62, thereby moving movable contact point' 63 to the left (Fig. 6) which opens the circuit to motor 14 by the withdrawal of said movable contact point from contact with contact bar 66. The parts are so timed that the motor will cease to revolve when the switch has reached its proper position, in this case, set for the car to take the curve. Magnet 68 will remain energized until trolleyT reaches second contactor B, when the maintaining circuit will be broken at contact points 7 2 and 7 3 as illustrated and described with reference to Fig. 4. After trolley 'I has passed contactor B, all the contact bars will be in normal position (Fig. 1).

It will be seen that when the parts are in normal position (Fig. 1), the circuit for energizing magnet 71 is closed through contact point 51, contact bar 66, and contact point 52, when said bar 66 is in normal position; and that in like manner the circuit for energizing magnet 68 is closed through contact point-53, contact bar 69, and contact point 54, when said bar 69 is in normal position. In other words, the contact bar to be moved into contact with the vertical row of contact points is moved by a circuit closed through the other contact bar when in normal position, so that when either contact bar has been moved into contact with a vertical row of contact points, it is impossible to operate the other contact bar, as the movement of the first bar has made it impossible to close the circuit for so doing. Thus when the switch has been thrown by trolley '1 engaging contactor A, the position of the switch point cannot be changed until the car has passed the switch and returned the parts to normal position (Fig. 1) by the engagement of its trolley T with contactor B, even though a closely following car engages contactor A.

As an alternative arrangement for returning the parts to normal position, a shunt circuit is indicated in dotted lines (Fig. 1) running from stationary contact point 41 through wire 99 to wire 81 and the ground. When trolley T passes under second contactor B, a circuit is closed through said wire 99 and direct through resistance 82 to ground, and as such circuit would have practically no resistance it would shunt either magnet 68 or magnet 71, de'e'nergizing them and causing the operating bars 66 and 69 controlled thereby to drop back into nor,- mal position. 1 Having thus described one embodimentof my invention what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an electric switch operating mechanism, the combination of a switch, a motor for throwing the same, a contactor ahead of said switch for operating said motor, means for controlling the operation of said motor to throw said switch in one y direction or another, means whereby said controlling means can be operated selectively in one of two ways through the controller of a motor car, and a second contactor adapted, through the operation of the trolley, to restore the motor controlling mechanism to normal position.

2. In an electric switch operating mechanism, the combination of a switch, a motor for throwing the same, a. contact'or ahead of said switch for operating said motor, means for controlling the operation of said motor to throw said switch in one direction or another, means whereby said controlling means can be operated selectively in one of two ways through the controller of a motor car, a second contactor adapted, through the operation of the trolley, to restore the motor controlling mechanism to normal position, and electrical means for maintaining said motor controlling mechanism in the position in which it is thrown by the first contactor, until the trolley reaches the second contactor.

3. In a switch operating mechanism, means to control the position of a switch by the condition of the motor current in an approaching car, comprising an electrical device for operating said switch, means to initiate a circuit adapted to operate said device, means to provide a separate main taining circuit for said device, and means to break said maintaining circuit when a car has passed said switch.

4. In a switch operating mechanism, means to control the position of a switch by the condition of the motor current in an approaching car, comprising an electrical device for operating said switch, a pair of contact bars each adapted to move to close a separate circuit through said device according to the condition of said car motor current, and means to cause the operation of one contact bar when the other contact bar is in inoperative position to close its respective circuit through said device.

5. In a switch operating mechanism, means to control the position of a switch by the condition of the motor current in an approaching car, comprising an electrical device for operating said switch, a pair of contact bars normally in retracted position adapted to move to close separate circuits through said device, and means to move one contact bar into its circuit closing position by a circuit closed through said other contact bar only when said latter bar is in normal position.

6. I11 a switch operating mechanism, means to control the position of a switch by the condition of the motor current in an approaching car, comprising an electrical device for operating said switch, means to close two different circuits through said device, and stationary means in each closed circuit to prevent the closing of the other circuit while the first named circuit is closed.

7. In a switch operating mechanism, means to control the position of a switch by the condition of the motor current in an approaching car, comprising an electrical device for operating said switch, a vertical row of contact points having two movable contact points controlling the operation of said device, means to close a circuit through said vertical row of contact points to operate said device, means on said device to control the position of said movable contact points, and said positioning means.

8. In a switch operating mechanism, means to control the position of a switch by the condition of the motor current in an approaching car, comprising an electrical device for operating said switch, a pair of contact bars, a plurality of contact points normally in contact with each of said bars, and means to close a circuit through either of said contact bars and its said contacting points, to move the other contact bar into position to close a circuit through said device and away from its said contacting points.

9. In a switch operating mechanism, a switch, means to operate said switch com prising a motor, means to control the operation of said motor comprising stationary and movable contact points closing circuits through contact bars, and means on said motor to cause the movement of a movable contact point to move it away from a contact bar and break the operating circuit of said motor.

10. In a switch operating mechanism, a switch, electrical means to operate said switch comprising a first contactor, an initial circuit, and a separate maintaining and motor operating circuit, and means to break said maintaining and operating circuit comprising a second contactor.

ll. In'a switch operating mechanism, a switch, electrical means to operate said switch comprising a first contactor, an initial circuit, and a separate maintaining and motor operating circuit, and means to break said maintaining and operating circuit comprising a contact bar and a second contactor adapted to control said contact bar to break said maintaining circuit.

12. In a switch operating mechanism, a switch, means to operate said switch comprising a motor and a row of stationary contact points, contact bars normally out of engagement with said contact points and each in engagement with two stationary contactpoints, means to close selectively a circuit through one of said contact bars and its two stationary contact points to move the other contact bar into engagement with the row of stationary contact points, and means to operate said motor in the desired direction by the circuit thus formed.

13. In a switch operating mechanism, a switch, means to operate said switch com prising a motor and a row of stationary contact points, contact bars normally out of engagement with said contact points and each in engagement with two stationary contact points, means to close selectively a circuit through one of said contact bars and its two stationary contact points to move the other contact bar into engagement with the row of stationary cont-act points, means to operate said motor in desired direction by the circuit thus formed comprising movable contact points adapted to be moved into and out of line with the row of stationary contact points, and means controlled by the operation of said motor to move said movable contact point forming part of the motor-operating circuit and open said circuit when the Switch has been thrown.

14. In a switch-operating mechanism, a switch, a main current supply, electrical means to operate said switch comprising means to close selectively an initial circuit from said main current supply which determines the direction of current for said electrical means, and means to close a separate circuit'from said main current supply to maintain the current direction means and to operate said electrical means.

15. In a switch-operating mechanism, a

switch, a main current supply, electrical means to operate said switch comprising means to close selectively an initial circuit from said main current supply which deter mines the direction of current for said electrical means, means to close a separate circuit from said main current supply to maintain the current directionmeans and to operate said electrical means, and means in said separate circuit adapted to be operated to open said separate circuit when a car has passed the switch. p '16. In a switch-operating mechanism, a switch, a main current supply, electrical means to operate said switch comprising "meansto close selectively an initial circuit "from saidmain current supply which'determines'the direction of current for said' elec trical means, means to close a separate circuit from said main current supply to maintain the current direction means and to opcrate said electrical means, and means in said separate circuit controlled from a separate place on said main current supply adapted to be operated to open said sepa rate circuit when a car has passed the switch.

17. In a, switch operating mechanism, a switch, electrical means to operate said switch, means'to close and open circuit to operate said electrical means only'inone of two selective directions comprising means to open a separate maintaining and operating circuit and meanscontrolled by said electrical means to determinethe direction of current through said electrical means.

18. In a switch-operating mechanism, a switch, a motor to operate said switch, a row of immovable contact points, two contact bars, four immovable contact points two of which are in contact with each of said contact bars and through each contact bar with each other when said contact bars are in inoperative position, a contactor adapted selectively to close a circuit through two of said'four contact points'to move the other contact'bar'into contact with the row of immovable contact'po'intsthus opening the circuit through the two contact points normally in engagement with said moved contact bar,

the movement of said contact bar closing a separate maintaining circuit adaptedto maintain saidmoved contact bar in engagement with "the'row' of immovable contact points, and two movable contact polnts controlled by the position of themotor one of which is adapted to close a motor operating circuit through the moved contact bar when the switch is to be thrown thereby controlling the direction of current throughsaid motor in accordance with the positlonof said motor and of said switch poin't.

19. In a switch-operating mechanism, a switch, a motor to operate said switch, a'row of immovable contact points, two contact bars, r'our immovable contact points two of which are in contact with each of said contactbars'and through each contact bar with each other when'said contact bars are in inoperative position, a contactor adapted selectively to close a circuit'through two of said four contact points to move the other contact' bar into contact with the row of immovable contact points thus opening the circuit through the two contact points normally-in engagement with said moved contact bar, the movement of said contact bar closing a separate maintaining circuit adapted to maintain saidmoved contact bar in engagementwith the row of immovable cons tactpoints, two movable contact points con, trolled by the position of the motor one of which-is 'adaptedto close a motor operating circuit through the moved contact bar when the switch is thrown thereby controlling the direction of current through said motor in accordance with the position of said motor and of said'switch point, and a second con tactor'adapted to open the maintaining circuit.

20. In a switch operating mechanism, a switch, means to operate said switch com prising a motor, two contact, bars, means to move selectively'either of said contact bars whereby the movement of the other contact bar is prevented and the position of the moved contact bar is maintained, means controlled by the position of the motor to determine the direction of current and the duration, if

E. S. QUILLIAM.

'copi'es 'of thispatent may beobtaincd for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. 1 Washington, D. 0. 

